Jacquetta of Luxembourg Wars of the Roses Figure

Known for:  Mother of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England, consort of King Edward IV, and through her, ancestress of the Tudor rulers and subsequent rulers of England and Great Britain.  And through Jacquetta, Elizabeth Woodville was descended from several English kings. Ancestor of Henry VIII and all following British and English rulers. Accused of using witchcraft to arrange her daughters marriage.Dates:  About 1415 to May 30, 1472Also known as: Jaquetta, Duchess of Bedford, Lady Rivers More about Jacquettas family is below the biography. Jacquetta of Luxembourg Biography: Jacquetta was the oldest child of her parents’ nine children; her uncle Louis, later to be a Bishop, was an ally of England’s King Henry VI in his claim to the crown of France. She probably lived in Brienne in her childhood, though little record of that part of her life survives. First Marriage Jacquetta’s noble heritage made her a fitting wife for the brother of England’s King Henry VI, John of Bedford. John was 43 years old and had lost his wife of nine years to the plague the year before he married the 17-year-old Jacquetta in a ceremony in France, the ceremony presided over by Jacquetta’s uncle. John had served for a time as regent for the young Henry VI when Henry V died in 1422. John, often known as Bedford, fought against the French to try to press Henry’s claims to the French crown. He is known for arranging the trial and execution of Joan of Arc, who had turned the tide of the war against the English, and for also arranging for Henry VI to be crowned as the French king. This was a fine marriage for Jacquetta. She and her husband went to England a few months after their marriage, and she lived both at her husband’s home in Warwickshire and in London. She was admitted to the prestigious Order of the Garter in 1434. Soon after that, the couple returned to France, probably lived in Rouen at the castle there. But John died at his castle a week before the end of negotiations for a treaty between diplomats representing England, France, and Burgundy. They had been married for less than two and a half years. After John’s death, Henry VI sent for Jacquetta to come to England. Henry asked his late brother’s chamberlain, Sir Richard Woodville (also spelled Wydevill), to be in charge of her journey. She had dower rights to some of her husband’s lands and about one-third of the income from them and would be a marriage prize that Henry could use to advantage. Second Marriage Jacquetta and the rather poor Richard Woodville fell in love and married secretly in early 1437, thwarting any marriage plans King Henry may have had, and drawing Henry’s anger. Jacquetta was not supposed to be able to exercise her dower rights if she married without royal permission. Henry settled the affair, fining the couple a thousand pounds. She returned to the king’s favor, which had considerable advantages to the Woodville family. She returned to France several times in her first years of the second marriage, to fight for her dower rights there. Richard was also assigned to France a few times. In addition to the connection to Henry VI by her first marriage, Jacquetta also had a connection to Henry’s wife, Margaret of Anjou: her sister had married Margaret’s uncle. Even as the widow of Henry IV’s brother, Jacquetta had, by protocol, a higher rank at court than any other royal women except the queen herself. Jacquetta was chosen, for her high rank and the connection by marriage to Henry VI’s family, to go to France with the party bringing the young Margaret of Anjou to England to marry Henry VI. Jacquetta and Richard Woodville had a happy and long marriage. They bought a home in Grafton, Northamptonshire. Fourteen children were born to them.  Only one – Lewis, the second eldest, who was also the eldest son – died in childhood, an unusually healthy record for the plague-ridden times. Wars of the Roses In the complex intrafamily feuds over succession, now called the Wars of the Roses, Jacquetta and her family were loyal Lancastrians. When Henry VI was in his extended isolation due to his mental breakdown, and Edward IV’s Yorkist army was at the gates of London in 1461, Jacquetta was asked to negotiate with Margaret of Anjou to keep the Yorkist army from vandalizing the city. The husband of Jacquetta’s eldest daughter, Elizabeth Woodville, Sir John Grey, fought in the Second Battle of St. Albans with the Lancastrian army under the command of Margaret of Anjou. Though the Lancastrians won, Grey was among the casualties of the battle. After the battle of Towton, won by the Yorkists, Jacquetta’s husband and her son Anthony, part of the losing side, were imprisoned in the Tower of London. Jacquetta’s family connections to the Duke of Burgundy, who had helped Edward win that battle, likely saved Jacquetta’s husband and son, and they were released after a few months. Edward IV’s victory meant, among the other losses, that Jacquetta’s lands were confiscated by the new king.  So were those of other families that had been on the Lancastrian side, including Jacquetta’s daughter, Elizabeth, who was left a widow with two young boys. Elizabeth Woodville’s Second Marriage Edward’s victory also represented an opportunity to marry the new king to a foreign princess who would bring wealth and allies to England. Edward’s mother, Cecily Neville, and his cousin, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (known as the Kingmaker), were shocked when Edward secretly and suddenly married the young Lancastrian widow, Elizabeth Woodville, Jacquetta’s oldest daughter. The king had met Elizabeth, according to what may be more legend than truth, when she positioned herself at the side of the road, with her two sons from her first marriage, to catch the king’s eye as he passed on a hunting trip, and beg him for the return of her lands and income. Some have alleged that Jacquetta arranged this encounter. The king was struck with Elizabeth, and, when she refused to become his mistress (so the story goes), he married her. The wedding was held at Grafton on May 1, 1464, with only Edward, Elizabeth, Jacquetta, the priest and two women attendants present. It changed the fortunes of the Woodville family considerably  after it was disclosed months later. Royal Favor The very large Woodville family benefited from their new status as relatives of the York king. In February after the wedding, Edward ordered Jacquetta’s dower rights restored, and thus her income. Edward appointed her husband the treasurer of England and Earl Rivers. Several of Jacquetta’s other children found favorably marriages in this new environment. The most infamous was the marriage of her 20-year-old son, John, to Katherine Neville, Duchess of Norfolk.  Katherine was the sister of Edward IV’s mother, as well as an aunt of Warwick the Kingmaker, and at least 65 years old when she married John.  Katherine had outlived three husbands already, and, as it turned out, would outlive John as well. Warwick’s Revenge Warwick, who had been thwarted in his plans for Edward’s marriage, and who had been pushed out of favor by the Woodvilles, changed sides and decided to support Henry VI as fighting again broke out between the York and Lancaster sides in the complicated wars of succession.  Elizabeth Woodville and her children had to seek sanctuary, along with Jacquetta.  Elizabeths son, Edward V, was probably born during that time. At Kenilworth, Jacquetta’s husband, Earl Rivers, and their son, John (who had married Warwick’s elderly aunt) were captured by Warwick and he had them killed. Jacquetta, who had loved her husband, went into mourning, and her health suffered. Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford, died on May 30, 1472. Neither her will nor her place of burial is known. Was Jacquetta a Witch? In 1470, one of Warwick’s men formally accused Jacquetta of practicing witchcraft by making images of Warwick, Edward IV and his queen, likely part of the strategy to further destroy the Woodvilles. She faced a trial but was cleared of all charges. Richard III resurrected the charge after the death of Edward IV, with Parliament’s assent, as part of the act declaring invalid the marriage of Edward to Elizabeth Woodville, and thus removing from succession Edward’s two sons (the Princes in the Tower Richard imprisoned and who were, after a while, never seen again). The main argument against the marriage was a supposed precontract that Edward had made with another woman, but the witchcraft charge was inserted to show that Jacquetta had worked with Elizabeth to enchant Edward, Richard’s brother. Jacquetta of Luxembourg in Literature Jacquetta appears often in historical fiction.   Philippa Gregory’s novel, The Lady of the Rivers, focuses on Jacquetta, and she is a major figure in both Gregory’s novel The White Queen and the 2013 television series by the same name. Jacquetta’s first husband, John of Lancaster, the Duke of Bedford, is a character in Shakespeare’s Henry IV, parts 1 and 2, in Henry V, and in Henry VI part 1. Background, Family Mother: Margaret of Baux (Margherita del Balzo), whose paternal ancestors were nobility of Naples, and whose mother, an Orsini, was a descendant of King John of England.Father: Peter (Pierre) of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol and Count of Brienne.  Peter’s ancestors included King Henry III of England and his consort, Eleanor of Provence.Siblings:Louis of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol. Ancestor of Henry IV of France and Mary, Queen of Scots. Beheaded for treason against King Louis XI of France.Thibaud of Luxembourg, Count of Brienne, Bishop of Le MansJacques of LuxembourgValeran  of  Luxembourg,  died youngJean of LuxembourgCatherine of Luxembourg married Arthur III, Duke of BrittanyIsabelle of Luxembourg, Countess of Guise, married Charles, Count of MaineFor more details:  Family Tree of Elizabeth Woodville  (Jacquetta’s eldest child) Marriage, Children Husband: John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford (1389 – 1435).  Married April 22, 1433. John was the third son of Henry IV of England and his wife, Mary de Bohun; Henry IV was the son of John of Gaunt and his first wife, the Lancaster heiress, Blanche.  John was thus the brother of King Henry V. He had previously been married to Anne of Burgundy from 1423 until her death in 1432. John of Lancaster died on September 15, 1435, in Rouen.  Jacquetta retained the title for life of Duchess of Bedford, as it was a higher-ranking title than others she might later have been entitled to.No childrenHusband: Sir Richard Woodville, a chamberlain in her first husband’s household.  Children:Elizabeth Woodville  (1437 – 1492). Married Thomas Gray, then married Edward IV. Children by both husbands. Mother of Edward V and  Elizabeth of York.Lewis Wydeville or Woodville. He died in childhood.Anne Woodville (1439 – 1489). Married William Bourchier, son of Henry Bourch ier and Isabel of Cambridge. Married Edward Wingfield. Married George Grey, son of Edmund Grey and Katherine Percy.Anthony Woodville (1440-42 - 25 Jun 1483). Married Elizabeth de Scales, then married Mary Fitz-Lewis. Executed with his nephew Richard Grey by King Richard III.John Woodville (1444/45 - 12 Aug 1469). Married the much-older  Katherine Neville, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, daughter of Ralph Neville and  Joan Beaufort  and sister of  Cecily Neville, his sister Elizabeth’s mother-in-law.Jacquetta Woodville (1444/45 – 1509). Married John le Strange, son of Richard Le Strange and Elizabeth de Cobham.Lionel Woodville (1446 - about 23 Jun 1484). Bishop of Salisbury.Richard Woodville. (? - 06 Mar 1491).Martha Woodville (1450 – 1500). Married John Bromley.Eleanor Woodville (1452 - about 1512). Married Anthony Grey.Margaret Woodville (1455 – 1491). Married Thomas FitzAlan, son of William FitzAlan and Joan Neville.Edward Woodville. (? – 148 8).Mary Woodville (1456 - ?). Married William Herbert, son of William Herbert and Anne Devereux.Catherine Woodville (1458 - 18 May 1497). Married Henry Stafford, son of Humphrey Stafford and Margaret Beaufort (a paternal first cousin of the  Margaret Beaufort  who married Edmund Tudor and was the mother of Henry VII). Married Jasper Tudor, Edmund Tudor’s brother, both sons of Owen Tudor and  Catherine of Valois. Married Richard Wingfield, son of John Wingfield and Elizabeth FitzLewis.

The Goal Essay - 806 Words

Paige Sander Management 421 Ms. Barnes February 27, 2012 â€Å"The Goal† Essay 1 In Eliyahu Goldratt’s novel â€Å"The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement†, he tells a story about a man going through hard times, in both his work life and personal life. Alex works in a manufacturing plant that is barely staying afloat, and his boss has left it up to him to keep the business running with a three-month time span to do it in. Even though â€Å"The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement† is just a story, it is still very relatable to businessmen, businesswomen, and students. The three categories of constraints that are shown in the story are knowledge, material, and supplier. The knowledge constraint caused for the manufacturing plant to not be†¦show more content†¦It also is not efficient to have all of these materials on hand, especially when they are not even being used for multiple months. 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Why Bangladesh studies should be taught to students of BBA in Bangladesh Free Essays

Why Bangladesh Studies should be taught for the students of BBA It is important to learn the whereabouts of a country if someone wants to do business in a particular region or a country. As a student of BBA in Bangladesh, ‘Bangladesh studies’ is as important as any other courses in the whole curriculum. If one wants to start business in a particular area (say Bangladesh), one must acquire complete knowledge about: Geography Historical backgrounds Culture Manners customs Religion and caste Political conditions and attitudes of the political parties Transport telecommunication Economic infrastructure Government policies facilities Banking investments Local business business communities Natural calamities Insurance securities Management Labour cost Electricity power These prospects are described in detailed as followings: Studying geography of Bangladesh, a student will acquire knowledge about the resources, landmass, transport, economic trend of Bangladesh. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Bangladesh studies should be taught to students of BBA in Bangladesh or any similar topic only for you Order Now This helps to find a suitable place for establishing business/industrial complex. It is necessary to know the history of Bangladesh as there exists a strong connection between people of the country and their mentality and customs. Now comes the culture, manners customs. Knowing the culture of Bangladesh will help the student to guess whether the people (consumers) will appreciate the promoted product/service or not. Studying manners and customs are important as well. These will help to acquire knowledge about the tendency and likings of the consumers. It is also important to learn about religion and caste of people of Bangladesh as will help to acquire knowledge about social ceremonies, obligations and harmony of the consumers. Political  conditions of Bangladesh always affect business and economy. The student must be well aware of political stability and attitude of the politicians towards business and economic sectors. Transport Telecommunication is one of most important factor in entrepreneurship. It is important to know about the transport and telecoms of Bangladesh in order to save time and cost, get logistics, international clientele and also for marketing and advertising. Also note that well established infrastructure ensures stability in business. So, proper knowledge about the infrastructure of Bangladesh is a must. A student will be well aware of the business laws, policies identified by the government of Bangladesh. It is necessary to know the whereabouts of banking sectors for financial support, deposits and transactions. There are always possibilities of competitor companies with similar products/services. So learning about the local business of Bangladesh is necessary in order to promote a new product/service. Bangladesh is a disaster prone region. Flood, earthquake and cyclones are likely to occur almost every year and in order to face the likely disaster and hazards a student need to know how government and other organizations deal with it. Another important factor related to business is insurance and securities. A BBA student must acquire enough knowledge about insurance sectors of Bangladesh to do a better secured business. It needs a good management and resourceful labour to run a company/industry. Bangladesh studies will help a student where to find the finest executives and cheap and resourceful labour. In case of an industry, accessibility of Electricity and Power is also another important factor. With proper knowledge about the geology of the country a student can identify where to establish an industrial complex. So, it is quite clear that Studying about Bangladesh for BBA students is necessary. Proper knowledge in this field makes a student of BBA a better entrepreneur in the future. How to cite Why Bangladesh studies should be taught to students of BBA in Bangladesh, Essays

Marketing Plan Case Study of Oxfam Shop

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Planfor Case Study of Oxfam Shop. Answer: Project Scope Oxfam Shop is the renowned retail subsidiary of Oxfam Australia. The company has captured the wider position in the competitive retail market. The company has focused on expanding the business market by introducing the product differentiation strategy. It will be much helpful for the company to reach to more people. Moreover, the company is also focusing on spreading awareness about the product differentiation process to draw the attention of potential customers. The purpose of launching the new product in the society is to bring people together and formulate the cultural diversity. It is noted that Oxfam has maintained the efficiency in resolving the diverse range of the environmental issues and establishing the welfare of the people. The entire process will be completed within one year. The structured marketing plan will be followed in this project to identify the market segments and the underlying strengths and opportunities. These strengths and opportunities are recognised to ana lyse the scope of establishing the competitive edge in this current business market. Depending on the determined objectives, the project will develop the fruitful ideas about the sustainable business management. Product Brief Oxfam Shop has captured the significant place as the famous retail subsidiary of Oxfam Australia. The organisation has established the official e-commerce sites, other retail stores, and direct mailing programme. Oxfam Shop deals with the diversified retail products, foods, and handicrafts in different retail outlets. These retail outlets are sourced as the registered Fair Trade Organisation, which is recognised by the World Fair Trade Association (WFTO). The major focus of the company is to reduce the sufferings of the community people for achieving the better life in future. Concentrating on welfare of the community people, the company has structured a new marketing plan to launch a product. The company has structured a plan to introduce a new product in the market. Wakami, one of the producers of Oxfam Brand has planned to launch this product in rural areas. Wakami brand received enormous supports from Kiejde Los Bosques, which is social enterprise that sells the products in the rural communities in Guatemala (Oxfam Australia 2017). As perceived by Wakami artisans, the world is an ideal place to live in and it is essential to make connection between the people who are living here. Therefore, the major aim of launching a special product is to align people from diversified groups and improve the future life. It is even notified that Wakami concentrates on employing the women labours for providing the significant source of income that will improve their lives. The brand is thus launching the Wakami Book for the community people. The book will contain the information about the ancestral tradition regarding the rituals and festivities of Wakami. The book will also present th e detailed information about the welfare of mankind. It is to be specified that the book will be able to generate the inner peace and spirit to help other. It is predicted that the book will be a special emblem of spreading happiness and peace. Launching this book is a step ahead of bringing the community together for the social welfare. SMART Objectives The company is launching the Wakami Books to to bring the community people together and spread happiness and peace. The company believes that poverty is preventable if the proper initiatives can be undertaken. It must be challenged to improve the lifestyle of the community people. The company has set the focus to provide the beneficial opportunity to the people to bring more improvements in their lives. Hence, the mission of the company is to offer the artwork products through launching these special books that will persuade the undermined people to move ahead towards the upcoming life. Accordingly, the company has set several objectives that are quite achievable. The determined objectives are: To establish strengthened and visible existence in the non-profit retail community To achieve almost 15% of profits in next one year To enhance the customer base through repeat purchase To expand the business entity in diversified regions S- Specific These objectives are specific because these have the clear and detailed approaches of launching new products M-Measurable The product will be launched in different region and the measurement of the profit is thus possible. A- Achievable The product is launched to spread awareness and peace among the community people. Therefore the determined profit revenue is quite achievable. R- Realistic The product is launched to improve the life style and reduce the poverty level. Therefore, it is quite realistic. T- Time Bound The entire process will be completed within one year. Table 1: SMART Objectives (Source: Created by Author) Environmental Analysis Industry Analysis It is noted that the Australian retail industry has undergone a recognisable struggling phase in last five years. The volatile market preferences and the unstable financial markets are the major reasons for such weak economic structure of the country in past few years. It is notified that during the years from 2012 to 2016, the Australian retail market could achieve only 0.2% growth rate. However, the industry is frequently concentrating on future growth and increasing the compound amount of almost 1.0% growth rate in upcoming years. If compared this growth rate to the overall economic structure of the country, it can be seen that the growth rate is much slower than the expectations. However, Australia has experienced a growth rate of 0.2% revenues extracted from the clothing and accessories industry in the year of 2016 (Abs.gov.au 2016). The industry is thus concentrating on the small and medium sized enterprises. The giant retail companies are thus struggling to survive in this com petitive scenario (Urde and Koch 2014). However, in order to structure a relevant marketing plan, Oxfam Shop can utilise this data for analysing the market demands. Competitor Analysis The business sustainability depends on the fruitful business strategies that are formulated to participate in a competitive market. Therefore, it can be inferred that the competition is the integral part for undertaking strategic business decisions. In fact, while launching a new product, it is necessary to keep the focus on the market competitions and intensified performance parameter of the competitors (Cameron 2014). Moreover, the company requires concentrating on the fruitful business strategies that the competitors have adopted to achieve success. It is noted that Oxfam Shop is facing the direct competition from Amazon online book stores. The e-commerce business of Amazon is commendable. People can find any book of their choice through Amazon site. Therefore, it is necessary for the company to undertake the most innovative ideas of launching the brand. The motto of the company is to spread awareness, happiness, and information regarding the traditional and philosophical views. T he innovative business strategy would be appreciated for participating in a competitive scenario. Brief Profile of the Customers Oxfam Shop is focused on associating people who are much interested reading books and generating philosophical knowledge about the traditional aspects. The target customers of the company are based all around the world (Oxfam Australia 2017). The company has been paying the attention towards the diverse people from different religions and regions. However, the primary target customers are the artwork collectors who have the keen interest on such art based books. These customers would even spend the justified amount of money to collect such books with philosophical thoughts. The book will generate the knowledge about reducing poverty and treating the people equally. The products are designed to spread peace and happiness among other human beings. Therefore, the target customers are those who have the genuine interests on reducing poverty in the society. Current Strategy Oxfam Shop is always taking a step ahead of reducing poverty by establishing the hands-on approach. In order to reduce poverty, the company started combining their experiences of helping people during the emergency situations. Moreover, the company is even undertaking the innovative campaigns, which are considered as the most appreciable step of reducing the inequality, poverty, and hunger. Strengths and Opportunities Strengths Opportunities 1. The company receives the enormous supports from the customers worldwide. The brand identity is the major strength of the company. 2. The presence in the online sources is also one of the major strengths of the company. It helps in generating more supports from the online users. 3. The organisation has the planned objectives and qualities that are much remarkable. It enhances the scope of brand promotions and establishment of the strengthened competitive position. 4. The efficient portfolio is the major demands of the potential customers. The company could establish a strengthened brand identity through the effective portfolio. 1. The company has the enormous opportunity to create the retail shop standpoint. 2. The company has the remarkable chance to undertake the market campaigns. 3. The establishment of the centre value to gather more customers supports. Table 2: Strengths and Opportunities (Source: Created by Author) Strategy Formulation Customers Segments Segmentation of a company is focusing on segregating the extended target market of the industries. The segments are mainly focusing on sharing common values, priorities, requirements, and interests (Lewrick et al. 2015). The marketing strategies of Oxfam Shop are usually organised in groups, which are separating the goals and key performance indicators. The company has paid the closer attention towards the expectation level of the supporters. The supporters are mainly concentrating on the shop present aiders, single supplier, campaigners, shop buyers, and customary providers. The company has also been attentive towards the socioeconomics. Targeting In order to keep the focus on the target market, the company provides the special concentration on the social affairs to be followed up. In order to gather the crowd, the company is undertaking the efficient promotional activities. The campaigns and the promotional activities broadcast the condition of the people who have been suffering from the hunger and poverty (Oxfam Australia 2017). The launch of these new books will help to spread more awareness among the people in the community. Therefore, these promotional activities receive the purpose of spreading awareness among the people in the society. It helps the company to gather the supports of the target customers. Positioning The positioning is generally based on the brand promotions to create the strengthened the customer base. The standing quality and characterisation of the offered products are the major fundamental for the positioning strategy (Philips 2014). The proper positioning of the products depends on the organisational functionalities. The individuals who have been suffering poverty and hunger get the opportunities to battle the fights with the obstacles in their lives. The book will generate the sufficient knowledge about the traditional approach of mitigating the obstacles. The knowledge derived from the book will help the people to move ahead towards the future and establish the dignified life. 4ps Marketing Mix Product Oxfam Shop is much focused on brands that speak of philanthropic administration, which helps in enhancing the esteem level of the organisation (Seret, Verbraken and Baesens 2014). The company is offering the valuable product that will bring the human beings together by spreading peace. Therefore, the company is launching a book, which contains the philosophical thoughts, ideologies of life, and spirits for moving ahead towards future. Moreover, the company is also concentrating on reducing poverty and make justice with the people who have been suffering from hunger and poverty. Promotions The company has undertaken the promotional activities through TV, social media, and other promotional mediums. Moreover, the company is even utilising the newspaper to broadcast the innovative idea of spreading peace among the society. Apart from these promotional mediums, the company will arrange a social event where the famous personalities will participate to present their views about the book. Online networking system is also much effective for making people aware of the increasing number of poverty and hunger. Price The company maintains the moderate price for the people of different income rates. Concentrating on the economic level, the company has set the pricing structure neither high nor low. Hence, the moderate pricing is beneficial for getting access to the offered products. Place Oxfam Shop is mainly trying to expand the market and sell the products all over the world. The firm has recognised the injustice with the people who have been suffering from poverty. The products will be distributed to the rural areas. Conclusion The study indicates that the major aim of launching the new products by Oxfam Shop is to reduce the poverty level. The company believes that each of the human beings deserves to be out of poverty and risks. Therefore, Oxfam Shop has launched a book that contains the traditional approaches of Wakami. The book includes the different ideologies of life, philosophical emblem of spreading peace and happiness, and guidance for moving ahead in life. The company has structured the efficient marketing plan to broadcast the products among the community people. The association of the effective promotional activities will be undertaken to promote the products among the people in the world. Therefore, the marketing plan sheds lights on the components of marketing mix. Concentrating on this well structured plan, the company will be able to launch the new products to sustain the competitive position in this current market scenario. References Abs.gov.au, 2016. 8501.0 - Retail Trade, Australia, Nov 2016. [online] Abs.gov.au. Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/8501.0Main%20Features3Nov%202016?opendocumenttabname=Summaryprodno=8501.0issue=Nov%202016num=view= Andaleeb, S.S., 2016. Market Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning. InStrategic Marketing Management in Asia: Case Studies and Lessons across Industries(pp. 179-207). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Cadotte, E.R., 2016. Creating Value in Marketing and Business Simulations: An Authors Viewpoint.Journal of Marketing Education,38(2), pp.119-129. Cameron, B.T., 2014. Using Responsive Evaluation in Strategic Management.Strategic Leadership Review,4(2), pp.22-27. Hanssens, D.M., Pauwels, K.H., Srinivasan, S., Vanhuele, M. and Yildirim, G., 2014. Consumer attitude metrics for guiding marketing mix decisions.Marketing Science,33(4), pp.534-550. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Khan, M.T., 2014. The concept of'marketing mix'and its elements (a conceptual review paper).International journal of information, business and management,6(2), p.95. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Manceau, D. and Hmonnet-Goujot, A., 2015.Marketing management(Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Lewrick, M., Williams, R., Maktoba, O., Tjandra, N. and Lee, Z.C., 2015. Radical and incremental innovation effectiveness in relation to market orientation in the retail industry: triggers, drivers, and supporters.Successful Technological Integration for Competitve Advantage in Retail Settings, IGI Global, pp.239-268. Liu, Y., Li, K.J., Chen, H. and Balachander, S., 2017. The Effects of Products Aesthetic Design on Demand and Marketing-Mix Effectiveness: The Role of Segment Prototypicality and Brand Consistency.Journal of Marketing,81(1), pp.83-102. Lpez, M. and Sicilia, M., 2013. How WOM marketing contributes to new product adoption: testing competitive communication strategies.European Journal of Marketing,47(7), pp.1089-1114. Oxfam Australia, 2017. The Power of People Against Poverty. [online] Oxfam Australia. Available at: https://www.oxfam.org.au/?utm_source=Shoputm_medium=webutm_campaign=topnav Philips, C., 2014. A Silver Lining to Australia's Fashion Crisis?. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/global-currents/silver-lining-australias-fashion-crisis Seret, A., Verbraken, T. and Baesens, B., 2014. A new knowledge-based constrained clustering approach: Theory and application in direct marketing.Applied Soft Computing,24, pp.316-327. Tracey, P., Heide, J.B. and Bell, S.J., 2014. Bringing place back in: Regional clusters, project governance, and new product outcomes.Journal of Marketing,78(6), pp.1-16. Urde, M. and Koch, C., 2014. Market and brand-oriented schools of positioning.Journal of Product Brand Management,23(7), pp.478-490. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.

Reasons and Objectives free essay sample

As far as my eyes could see everything was divided into white and blue. There was barely any noise and there was an uncomfortable pressure in my ears. I had been on planes many times before but this would be the last time I would get on one. My family and I were leaving our home in Peru and moving to the U.S. permanently. Unbeknownst to me, we would not be allowed to return or enjoy many of the benefits Americans have. But I didn’t care about that then, I was enjoying the flight and the view for one last time. After a couple of week’s search, my parents found an apartment that we could move into. The rent was more that they were comfortable with but they knew the district had a good school so they took it. Ever since I can remember my parents have tried to give me a good education. We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons and Objectives or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Peru, they made an effort to sign me up to a good school, so it was no surprise that they would try here as well. At the time we moved I couldn’t do much to help their goal, all I could do was try my best at school. But now that’s changed. I keep my parents objectives at heart and try to obtain the best education I can get. Education is the first step towards financial stability. A degree from a respected college or university will allow me to secure this. I hope go obtain a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering and get a job in a related field. With this, maybe I can one day pay back my parents for all of their hard work.

Wendys

Wendys WendyWendy's When we think Wendy's, we think of Dave Thomas the founder an older jolly looking man with a big square burger in his hand. Dave Thomas the founder of Wendy's started his square burger empire in 1969 to become the 3rd largest hamburger restaurant franchise. In my analysis of Wendy's, we are going to bring square burgers to the forefront and see why this simple variation in burger shape propelled Wendy's into a burger giant. Dave Thomas started Wendy's in 1969 with his first restaurant opening in Columbus Ohio, and from their started the Wendy's hamburger chain, we all know today. Thomas knew from his experience of owning a Kentucky Fried Chicken, menu variation was a key to success in the fast food business. Thomas developed a limited menu with larger square burgers where its edges protruded over the side of the round bun. This was just one of the distinct menu items Thomas used to distinguish his burgers from burger giant McDonalds. Wendy's also used various condiments, lettuce and tomato at customer disposable and even developed a dairy treat that other fast food restraint could not compete against. All these simple, but distinct differences has propelled Wendy's from a small burger joint with a niche to a competitor against McDonalds and other burger giants. Wendy's has enjoyed enormous growth in the US and Canada and other countries. Know the question is how will Wendy's be able to stay competitive in ever growing state of low margins and where people are starting to eat less red meat? With the domestic market saturated with fast food restaurants and more and more people becoming health consciousness how will Wendy's remain the leader in unique burgers, and keep growing the burger business? These question and others will be explored: What is...

The Parking Lot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Parking Lot - Essay Example This issue should be urgently addressed to address the disorganization and disturbance that it causes in the campus. This is an informational analysis. The authority responsible for this issue is the security department at the campus because they are mandated to handle issues of car parking and issues of disorganization and confusion created. As such, this complaint is directed to the head of the security department at the campus. The lack of ample parking space is a problem in different areas (Arbatskaya, Mukhopadhaya and Rasmusen 4). In campus, it has been an ongoing issue for a long time and has created a nuisance. The numbers of students increase in the campus every year meaning that the numbers of cars, motorcycles and bicycles also increase. Despite the increase, the parking spaces are left unmanaged and the people who own cars, motorcycles and bicycles are left struggling on where to park and as a result of this decide to park anywhere they want. This issue has brought about several unpleasant experiences. First, there have been accidents involving cars, motorcycles and bicycles. Because people decide to park their cars, motorcycles and bicycles anywhere and anyhow they want, it becomes difficult for them to move from places where they have parked, for instance when other cars, motorcycles or bicycles have parked behind them or on the sides. There have been several cases where people have complained that those who had parked either side of their cars had hit and damaged their cars or bikes when getting out and ran away without reporting or helping them repair their cars. The security has been unable to solve such issues because of lack of evidence or information to apprehend the culprits in addition to the fact that it would be difficult to solve such issues when no one knows who had parked the right way. Next, students as well as other people have

Importance of Uniforms in Schools Speech or Presentation

Importance of Uniforms in Schools - Speech or Presentation Example Brunsma and Rockquemore (54) define school uniform by arguing that clothing would be considered uniform if it sufficed as an emblem of a group, suppressed individuality and demonstrated the legitimacy of an institution by revealing the relative positions of individuals. Studies by Brunsma and Rockquemore back the argument that school uniforms improve behavior among both the female and male students (53). These studies indicate that suspensions from schools reduce drastically with adoption of school uniforms and in cases where an increase would be recorded, infractions of school uniform regulations could be the outright cause and not other forms of indiscipline. This suggests that the behavior of students shifts towards less severe infractions. In Norfolk, Ruffner Middle School recorded a 42% decrease in referrals related to discipline following the introduction of uniforms. The improved discipline in students translates to improved academic achievement. Research on elementary student s to ascertain this hypothesis deduced a 10% improvement on test scores after adoption of school uniforms with 0.05 standard deviations. ... Without uniforms, clothing could distract students especially the teenagers known to dress to be noticed by others. Holtz reported that teenage students would put on â€Å"shirts that comment on reasons not to do homework, may be associated with gang colors and symbols or expose too much skin† hence causing distraction to other students. Too much time would be spent on dressing up to impress others at the expense of concentrating on academic work. Standardized clothing would ensure that all students are at the same level hence no one would stand out to distract others. It builds team spirit and the desire for good ambassadorship hence promoting healthy academic competition among students from different schools (Stafford and Wade 416). Brunsma and Rockquemore (54) argue that if uniforms socially control the behavior of students, students in uniforms would therefore portray behaviors consistent with the goals of their respective schools. School uniforms make it easier to identif y unauthorized visitors thus preventing use of insignia and gang colors, which in turn reduces theft with students no longer having to bring along expensive clothing to school. These authors give the example of the effectiveness of school uniforms for safety of students in gang plagued areas in Los Angeles where putting on some colors could set off fights. The Long Beach School District also noted 50% decrease in muggings and fights and 74% decrease in sexual offences with the introduction of school uniforms (Brunsma and Rockquemore 54). Being a sign of group membership, school uniforms would signal those outside the school membership. Indeed, the argument on

Coach or Mentoring Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Coach or Mentoring Reflection - Essay Example This research begins with the statement that mentoring, or coaching, refers to the training of an individual or a group of people. A single or a corporate entity, with the aim of developing positive outcomes in a mentee, may undertake it. The teachers’ responses to the pre-established questions on the characteristics and types of support offered by a mentor or a coach corresponded with slight differences in the mentor’s approach to the mentoring process. The teachers, for example, agreed that a mentor must be a person of integrity who is honest and ethical in the mentoring process. They both cited advantages of honesty and morality in the process towards effectiveness. While honesty develops the mentee’s trust and facilitates freedom between the two parties, the mentor’s morality induces the mentee’s confidence. These allow the mentee to express strengths and weaknesses, comfortably, for an effective mentoring process. The teachers also stressed tha t integrity is core to every mentorship relationship. They also shared a common opinion on the mentor’s passion in the process and they argued that the passion is likely to motivate the mentored party who may associate it with his or her already developed qualities. One teacher, however, suggested that such passion should be moderately expressed while the other argued for total expression of the mentor’s passion. There was however, a conflicting opinion on whether the mentor should be willing to learn more from the process.   One teacher expressed the opinion that the mentor is a trainer and should learn outside, and before mentoring process. He identified research on effective mentoring skills as an approach towards learning about the mentoring process and pointed out that learning from the process my adversely affect the mentee’s confidence, and the overall effectiveness of the learning process. The other teacher however supported an open approach that allow s a mentor to learn from each process. She identified differences among mentored subjects as an avenue towards learning and argued that published mentoring skills are mere guidelines. Awareness of each mentee and the mentoring environment should therefore be allowed for development of appropriate mentoring techniques. There was however an agreement between the respondents that a mentor be enthusiastic and committed to any assignment that may arise from the process. This, they argued, facilitates the same characteristics in the mentored parties and promotes effectiveness of mentoring processes (Zachary, 2000). A mentor should further be focused on solving problems and empowering others to capacity by delegating work. A transformational form of influence should however follow this to ensure effective transfer of skills and potentials to the mentee. There were however, conflicting opinion on a mentor’s need to understand reformation and transformational processes. While one teacher argued that effective mentorship is about influence and empowerment that is attainable through demonstrations, the other teacher insisted on the significance of transformation and reformation processes in molding a mentee to a desired level of potential. They however agreed that a mentor should be a catalyst to motivate development of the mentee’s potentials. They also agreed that a mentor should desire to grow and should be able to identify other people’s interest and to facilitate development of such interests. He or she should therefore strife for personal excellence while interacting with other people to understand their abilities. A good mentor should also have good communication skills to facilitate understanding in the mentoring process. This is because the skills enable the mentor to communicate objectives to a mentee

Managing nasogastric tube feeding and maintaining nutrition

Managing nasogastric tube feeding and maintaining nutrition Health is defined by WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION(WHO) as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of any disease or infirmity. Health is a positive quality which emphasizing physical, social, intellectual, emotional and spiritual well-being. Maslows hierarchy theory states that basic human needs are necessary for human survival and health. The most basic or first level include physiological needs such as air, water and food. According to Maslow, the extent to which basic needs are met is a major factor determining persons level of health. Food is anything that can be used by the body to sustain growth and bodily processes and provides energy. Each individual food has its own unique set of nutrients that meet the varying requirements of the human body. This is why it is so important to eat a wide variety of food to ensure that the body gets all the diverse and essential nutrients. Nutrients are the components of food that help to nourish the body. The basic classes of nutrients are carbohydrates, lipids(fat),protein, vitamins, minerals and water. All nutrients, both in kind and amount ,are the cornerstone of good health and provides the cutting edge for prevention of diseases. These nutrients are supplied to the body cells by gastro intestinal system. This is accomplished through the process of ingestion(taking food),digestion(breakdown of food),absorption(transfer of food product into circulation). Good nutritional status refers to the intake of a well balanced diet that supplies all the essential nutrients in right proportion to meet the requirements of the body. Such a person may be said to be receiving optimum nutrition. Optimum nutritional status can be affected by many factors such as inadequate intake of food or consuming food which contains less nutrients, food habits and economic insufficiencies etc. In sickness the ability to eat and drink adequately can get altered. The disease affecting central nervous system, gastrointestinal system and some surgical conditions can alter the patients ability to take the food through the mouth. In these conditions patients are at high risk of under nourishment. There are artificial feeding methods available to keep the risk patients free from under nutrition through enteral and parenteral feeding. When gastro intestinal tract cannot be used for the ingestion, digestion and absorption of nutrients parenteral nutrition may be substituted. Parenteral nutrition refers to the administration of nutrients by a route other than the GI tract(Blood stream). When the gastro intestinal tract is functional but patient cannot be provided with high calorie supplements orally, tube feeding can be provided with nasogastric tube, nasointestinal tube, gastrostomy and jejunostomy. A nasogastric tube is commonly used for short term feeding problems, usually ordered for a patient who has a functional GI tract but unable to take any or enough oral nourishment. Nasogastric tube feeding is a technique of giving food in patients, who are not able to swallow the food through mouth, with the help of a long soft plastic tube which is inserted through the nose via throat directly into the stomach. The history of enteral feeding goes back about 3500 years back to the ancient Greeks Egyptians, who infused nutrient requirement solutions into the rectum to treat various bowel disorders. The ancient Egyptians used reeds and animal bladders to supply patients with a mix of wine, chicken broth and raw eggs. In 1793, an early healer delivered jelly, eggs, milk, sugar and wine to a patient through a hollow whale bone covered with eel skin, which was pushed down the throat to the stomach. In 1800, Philip Phisik, a surgeon from Philadelphia, introduced the use of a stomach tube as a form of stomach pump (Paine, 1934). This was used for poisoned patients for the purpose of washing out their stomach. In the 1930s, nurses training in Australia and the United Kingdom utilized a text entitled Modern Professional Nursing (Scott, c1930). It included discussion of using a tube inserted via the nose into the stomach, apparently for the sole occasional purpose of administering bolus artificial feeding. In addition to nutrition delivery in the 1930s, nasogatric tubes also were used to relieve pressure in the stomach caused by gas and gastrointestinal secretions (decompression). Today nasogastric tube feeding is a very common procedure seen in the medical and surgical units of the hospitals. The tube is made of superior plastics like polyethylene, polyvinyl or polyurethane (Clevenger Rodriguez, 1995).This tube is inserted through the nose or mouth and placed directly into the stomach. The need of tube feeding includes delivery of nutrition, administration of medicines, gastric irrigation, and gastric decompression before and after surgery or intestinal obstruction . Patients with nasogastric tubes currently receive care in a wide variety of settings, such as intensive medical and surgical care units, emergency rooms, , general and specialized acute and chronic care areas, extended health care facilities, and home care settings(Susan C Dewit,2006). . The feed provided through the nasogastric tube should be in liquid or semi-liquid form and given in room or body temperature. Blenderized foods from a normal diet or commercial formulas are usually provided. Feedings are administered by gravity drip method or by feeding pump or by intermittent feeding. A maximum amount of 300-400 ml of feed can be provided at a time delivered at an interval of 2-3 hrs depending upon the patients tolerance and physicians advice..A variety of feeds should be provided though nasogastric tube in order to ensure the optimum nutritional status. Caring of the patients receiving nasogastric tube feeding is a major nursing responsibility that entails a number of interventions like delivering feeds, assessing correct placement of the tube, maintaining the tubes patency, ensuring adequate nutrition, securing the tube in place, and meeting patient comfort and other basic needs. The weight of the patient should be checked daily and maintain an accurate intake and output record. Blood glucose level also should monitored at definite intervals. When the patient is in a long term feeding maintaining the nutrition and general health is an important and nurses responsibility. In order to maintain the nutritional status the nurse should calculate patients requirements and select diet accordingly. Emma L(1983) points out enteral feeding is associated with greater risk of complications, around 11.7%.Her study reveals that tube-related complications are common in patients receiving long-term home enteral nutrition. Even though different feeding modalities are available, unfortunately no method of enteral feeding is risk free. aspiration pneumonia, high gastric residuals ,constipation ,diarrhea, abdominal distention, vomiting, regurgitation, erosion of esophageal, nasal and oropharyngeal mucosa and infection are the complications of tube feeding. Initially only nurses were carried out this procedure .However, over years caregivers of the patient are also involved in feeding the patient through the tube. Now the responsibility of feeding the patient through the tube is shared by the caregivers both in hospital and home settings. Since the family members are also involved in feeding patients they should be instructed about feeding, importance of nutritious diet, signs and symptoms and importance of reporting them to the doctor or nurse. Ellet.M L, A. States enteral feeding is desirable because it allows better use of nutrients, is safer, and more cost effective than parenteral nutrition. Tube feeding permits maintenance of tissue metabolism even though patient cannot ingest anything through mouth. The potential advantage of tube feeding includes providing nourishment to the patient prolonging life and enhancing comfort and quality of life(WONG 2002).Current scenario shows enteral tube feeding is a common medical procedure in many of the hospital, long term and home care setting. NEED OF THE STUDY . Managing nasogastric tube feeding and maintaining the nutrition are a nurses responsibility. Initially only nurses were carried out this procedure but over years caregivers of the patient also shared the responsibility of feeding the patient through the tube .Now Family members are participating in feeding the patient through N.G Tube both hospital and home settings. Caregivers involving in feeding is a good aspect of patient care but when they are involved they should be properly trained and educated. But in many settings the caregivers are feeding the patient without proper understanding about it. Researcher also observed the faulty feeding techniques of the caregivers while he was working in the medical and surgical departments. Even though no complications were reported so far, the patients are at high risk of getting complications. STATEMENT A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING ON KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNIQUES OF NASOGASTRIC TUBE FEEDING BY THE CAREGIVERS OF PATIENTS RECEIVING TUBE FEEDING IN A SELECTED HOSPITAL AT ALAPPUZHA,KERALA SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE 1)To assess and compare the level of knowledge regarding nasogastric feeding, between control and experimental group before and after intervention. .2)Assess and compare the degree of technique of nasogastric tube feeding between control and experimental group before and after intervention. 3)To associate the selected demographic variables(age, education, occupation and source of instruction) with knowledge and techniques of feeding among experimental group. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study is to evaluate whether structured teaching about NG tube feeding made any difference in the knowledge and techniques of caregivers in feeding patients through nasogastric tube compared to those who did not receive the structured teaching. HYPOTHESIS There will be a significant difference between experimental and control group of caregivers with regard to the knowledge and technique of nasogastric tube feeding. SUB HYPOTHESIS H1-There will be a significant difference in the mean knowledge score on tube feeding among caregivers of the experimental and control group after the intervention and no significant difference before intervention. H2- There will be a significant difference in the scores of techniques of feeding between the control and experimental group after intervention and no difference before intervention. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION EFFECTIVENESS : In this study effectiveness refers to the knowledge gained by the caregiver as a result of selected aspect of nasogastric tube feeding and the ability to carry out the tube feeding with correct technique. KNOWLEDGE : knowledge refers to ideas, information, factual knowledge held by a person from various sources. In this study knowledge refers to the factual information gained by the participants regarding naogastric tube feeding through the teaching learning experience which is assessed by using structured interview schedule. TECHNIQUE Technique is the way of carrying out an activity step by step and systematically .In this study technique refers to the correct method of carrying out N.G Tube feeding with the proper application of scientific principles of tube feeding STRUCTURED TEACHING Structured teaching refers to planned events, series of studies lectures with a view to improve knowledge. In this study it refers to a formal instruction which is preplanned with definite, objectives, contents, teaching, learning experience and AV aids to impart essential knowledge on tube feeding and how to give feeding safely to the patients. CAREGIVERS Caregivers are the relatives of the patients who stay with the patient most of the time and participates in patient care including feeding patients through nasal tube and assume responsibilities in the patient care activities NASOGASTRIC TUBE FEEDING Naogastric tube feeding is a method of giving nourishment to patients who were not able to swallow the food through mouth by the help of along soft plastic tube which is inserted through the nose via throat directly into the stomach ASSUMPTIONS N.G Tube feeding is a very prevalent and common procedure in both inpatient and home settings. Patients relatives are also participating in feeding the patient. The relatives are carrying out the procedure with or without adequate knowledge, training, and supervision regarding nasogastric tube feeding and hence this leads to a lot of negative effects on the relative-dependent patient. LIMITATION The study is conducted in only one hospital. So the result cannot be generalized. Because of the restrictions from the hospital and due to limitations owing to age parameters, the sample may not be a representative one. For an education programme to be effective, continuous follow-up is essential. But in this instance, due to limited time availability, it may not be possible. DELIMITTION The study is delimited to, Three observations. Only one hospital. An age group of 20-60yrs. SCOPE OF STUDY Through this study the researcher can determine the knowledge and techniques of the caregivers about nasogastric tube feeding by assessing the awareness of tube feeding in different aspects. Areas of less knowledge can be focused. The understanding about the proper knowledge and technique of tube feeding will help them to provide feeding by using correct techniques , avoid potential complications and promote patients safety. These findings will help the health care providers to give necessary attention to provide adequate training to the relatives of the patients who need to feed through nasogastric tube both in home and hospital settings. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK A frame work is the building block of a theory, describing mental image of a phenomena which can be abstract or concrete. A theory is a set of interrelated concepts, adapted for a scientific purpose, definitions and propositions, that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables with the purpose of explaining predicting the phenomena (Kerlinger 1986). A conceptual framework provides structural foundation to the research study which provides rationale for predictions about relationship among the variables in the study. Conceptual framework forms the base for observations, definitions of concepts, research design, interpretation etc. Conceptual framework gives meaning to the problem and study findings by summarizing existing knowledge in field of inquiry and identifying linkage between concepts. For this study the Conceptual framework followed is nursing process model based on Dorothy.E.jhonsons behavioural system theory(1980).The study focus on assessing the effectiveness of providing structured teaching programme on the knowledge and techniques of nasogastric tube feeding among the caregivers of the patient. According to Jhonson, nursing views the individual as a set of interconnected or independent parts functioning as an integrated whole. Humans seek experiences that may disturb balance and require behavior modifications to re-establish balance. The behavioral system are essential and reflect adaptations that are successful. Jhonson identified seven sub systems. The sub systems are affiliative,aggressive,dependency,eliminative,ingestive,restorative and sexual. These sub systems carryout special function for the system as a whole. Disturbances in any subsystem usually affects the other. The steps of the nursing process is incorporated with Dorothy Jhonsons behavioural system model. Nursing process is a deliberate activity where the practice of nursing is performed in a systematic order. Dorothy Jhonson presents a three step nursing process. The steps are entitled nursing diagnosis which is parallel to the assessment and diagnostic phase ,the second step nursing goal equals the implement ation and third step is evaluation. This study focuses on the caregivers of the patient and the dependency subsystems. Assessment Assessment is the process of collecting data regarding each sub-system. In this study assessment was done in the dependency subsystem. Data on the demographic characteristics of the caregivers(age, sex, education, occupation, experience in feeding, instructions and source of instructions received on tube feeding) were collected. The knowledge of caregivers regarding various aspect of nasogastric tube feeding were assessed by an interview schedule and an observational Check list was used to assess the technique of feeding. Diagnosis Through assessment of the subsystem problems are identified and diagnosed which provide the basis for intervention. In this study the datas were collected through observational Check list and interview schedule was analyzed and the diagnosis was made on knowledge and technique of caregivers and categorized into excellent, good, average and poor. Nursing goals(planning) After diagnosis is made the goal is to maintain or restore the dependency subsystem balance and stability through planning interventions. In this study the goal was to improve the caregivers level of knowledge and technique of tube feeding. Intervention Nursing activity as an external regulatory force assists the person to regain equilibrium. Based on diagnosis, nursing actions can be planned in terms of teaching or providing resources needed. In this study the nursing activity was a structured teaching including demonstration on different aspects of tube feeding. Evaluation Evaluation refers to reassessment the subsystem which is identified as problematic for balance previously. In this study the investigator compared knowledge and technique of experimental group with control group by using criteria and evaluated the effectiveness of the intervention. Figure-1 High lights the conceptual framework on modified nursing process based on Dorothy.E.Jhonsons behavioural system model Implementation Evaluation No changes seen in the level of knowledge and technique. Patients at high risk of getting complications -Caregivers demonstrate improved levels of knowledge and techniques of feeding. -patient less risk of getting complications Control group -No teaching programmes. experimental group -A Structured teaching regarding ding different aspects of tube feeding and demonstration of the technique of tube feeding Assessment Diagnosis goal FIGURE 1. MODIFIED NURSING PROCESS BASED ON DOROTHY JHONSONS BEHAVIOURAL SYSTEM MODEL(1980) Improve the caregivers level of knowledge and technique of tube feeding Level of knowledge and techniques of tube feeding -excellent -good -average -poor Caregivers demographic variables -Age -Sex -Education -Occupation -Experience in feeding -instruction and supervision received -source of instruction -attitude -Lack of seriousness -Fear and anxiety

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Gothic Horror :: Free Frankenstein Essays

Shelly’s ‘’Frankenstein’’ is regarded as the first modern horror novel. It is in fact, a Gothic horror. The story came about mainly from a dream shelly had. The dream was heavily influenced by her background and past personal experiences. These include her visits to galvanism experiments, a visit to the Rock of Franks; a castle which translated gives ‘’Frankenstein’’ and her surroundings at the time, which where the Alps that made up the setting for some of the book. Other issues, which might have affected the outcome of the book, are her failed pregnancy, which could be linked to victors mother dieing. Events of the time had led to a near breakthrough to bring the dead to life and the near full exploration of the Earth leaving only the poles unexplored. Romantic and Gothic styles are used in the book the romantic style is the awe of nature a good example is ‘‘the abrupt sides of vast mountains were before me; the icy wall of the glacier overhung me’’ and the Gothic style is the psychological that encompasses the very personal themes of life and death this is shown by ‘’how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains I had endeavoured to form’’. The Story begins with Walton’s letters to his sister, he talks a lot about his ambitions of mapping the arctic and finding a companion who shares his ruthless ambition. After awhile he finds Frankenstein floating on a sheet of ice. After being nursed back to health Frankenstein begins his story. Victor talks about his childhood, how his mother died in childbirth, his younger brother Edward, and how he has read books about philosophy and alchemy most of which have been long disproved. Then he continues about when he was at university and his growing obsession with creating a being from the dead parts of humans also known as galvanism. Then he moves on to how he becomes obsessive and how it is only after he succeeds he realises what he has done and realises the implications of his dream. After being nurse back to health by his friend Henry Cherval Victor realises how badly he has treated his family and decides to return to his family, however before he can do this he receives a letter about his brother being murdered, the killer is presumed to be the family servant Justine and because Victor makes no mention of the monster she is hanged, victors farther also dies short after of a broken heart after losing William. Victor decides to travel to cope with his grief. It is at this point the monster appears and asks for a bride.